{"id":752,"date":"2026-06-03T01:59:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T01:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/planetary-gearboxes.com\/?p=752"},"modified":"2026-06-03T01:59:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T01:59:14","slug":"lifetime-lubrication-precision-planetary-gearbox-maintenance-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/planetary-gearboxes.com\/cs\/lifetime-lubrication-precision-planetary-gearbox-maintenance-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Do\u017eivotn\u00ed maz\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159esn\u00fdch planetov\u00fdch p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n \u201eDo\u017eivotn\u00ed maz\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c je jedno z nejv\u00edce nepochopen\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed v oblasti p\u0159esn\u00fdch pohon\u016f. Neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee p\u0159evodovka po celou dobu sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti nepot\u0159ebuje \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u00e9\u010di. Znamen\u00e1 to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny oleje, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plastick\u00e9ho maziva a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 odst\u00e1vky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s mazivem \u2013 pokud provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci specifikace. Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka p\u0159esn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, co tato specifikace znamen\u00e1, k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed chemie plastick\u00e9ho maziva a jak\u00e9 kontroly va\u0161e jednotka \u0159ady EP skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n St\u00e1hnout kontroln\u00ed seznam \u00fadr\u017eby \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n <\/p>\n Term\u00edn \u201emaz\u00e1n\u00ed na dobu \u017eivotnosti\u201c (uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako \u201eut\u011bsn\u011bno na dobu \u017eivotnosti\u201c, \u201emazano na dobu \u017eivotnosti\u201c nebo \u201ebez\u00fadr\u017ebov\u00e9 maz\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c) se objevuje v datov\u00fdch listech ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u0159ady EP. planetov\u00e1 p\u0159evodovka<\/a> z Koreje Ever-Power. M\u00e1 specifick\u00fd a ohrani\u010den\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam:<\/p>\n Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159evodovk\u00e1m s olejovou l\u00e1zn\u00ed:<\/strong> Konven\u010dn\u00ed servoredukce s olejovou l\u00e1zn\u00ed vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdm\u011bnu oleje ka\u017ed\u00fdch 2 000\u20135 000 hodin, proto\u017ee olej degraduje oxidac\u00ed, kontaminac\u00ed a tepeln\u00fdmi cykly. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna oleje zahrnuje vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, dopln\u011bn\u00ed a povinn\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed v\u00fdroby. V\u00edce ne\u017e 20 000 hodin to znamen\u00e1 4\u201310 pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch prostoj\u016f pouze kv\u016fli maz\u00e1n\u00ed. Ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9 mazivo \u0159ady EP eliminuje v\u0161echny tyto faktory \u2013 ale dosahuje tak, \u017ee v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 dutin\u011b je uzav\u0159eno kone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho maziva, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stav maziva nelze p\u0159\u00edmo kontrolovat a jedinou kritickou prom\u011bnnou se st\u00e1v\u00e1 integrita ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9ho krytu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ne v\u0161echna plastick\u00e1 maziva jsou stejn\u00e1 a volba z\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho oleje a zahu\u0161\u0165ovadla je to, co odli\u0161uje skute\u010dn\u011b do\u017eivotn\u011b mazanou konstrukci od ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159evodovky, kter\u00e1 se opot\u0159ebuje za 3 000 hodin. Planetov\u00e9 reduktory \u0159ady EP pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syntetick\u00e9 plastick\u00e9 mazivo na b\u00e1zi bu\u010f polyalfaolefinov\u00e9ho (PAO) z\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho oleje, nebo sm\u011bsi PAO a ester\u016f, zahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 lithn\u00fdm komplexem nebo polymo\u010dovinou. Tato kombinace je zvolena pro t\u0159i vlastnosti, kter\u00fdm plastick\u00e1 maziva z miner\u00e1ln\u00edch olej\u016f nemohou konkurovat po dobu 20 000 hodin provozu.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1kladov\u00fd olej PAO m\u00e1 index viskozity (VI) 130\u2013160 a teplotu za\u010d\u00e1tku oxidace p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 30\u201340 \u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e miner\u00e1ln\u00ed olej skupiny I. V ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159evodovce pracuj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b p\u0159i teplot\u011b 70\u201380 \u00b0C za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed mazivo oxidovat (houstne a tvo\u0159\u00ed kysel\u00e9 produkty rozkladu) b\u011bhem 3 000\u20135 000 hodin. Mazivo na b\u00e1zi PAO si p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 teplot\u011b udr\u017euje dostate\u010dnou viskozitu a aktivitu EP aditiv po dobu 15 000\u201320 000 hodin. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee tvrzen\u00ed o \u017eivotnosti 20 000 hodin je chemicky dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9 s PAO, ale nikoli s miner\u00e1ln\u00edm mazivem \u2013 a proto m\u00e1 jak\u00e1koli ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159evodovka pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed mazivo marketingov\u00fd probl\u00e9m, pokud uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u201emaz\u00e1n\u00ed na celou dobu \u017eivotnosti\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Hertzovo kontaktn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na \u0161pi\u010dce boku zubu planetov\u00e9ho kola p\u0159i jmenovit\u00e9m kroutic\u00edm momentu m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout 1 000\u20131 500 MPa \u2013 co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b nad re\u017eimem, kde je dostate\u010dn\u00fd hydrodynamick\u00fd mazac\u00ed film. P\u0159\u00edsady pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tlaky (EP) v plastick\u00e9m mazivu tvo\u0159\u00ed chemickou reak\u010dn\u00ed vrstvu (obvykle dithiofosfore\u010dnan zine\u010dnat\u00fd nebo slou\u010deniny s\u00edry a fosforu), kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kovu na kov p\u0159i t\u011bchto \u00farovn\u00edch nap\u011bt\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho oleje se p\u0159\u00edsady EP spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm. V ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch je sada p\u0159\u00edsad navr\u017eena tak, aby vydr\u017eela jmenovitou \u017eivotnost p\u0159i jmenovit\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u2013 ale p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (krutic\u00ed momenty nad jmenovit\u00fdm \u00d7 SF) urychluje vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsad a m\u016f\u017ee vy\u010derpat sadu EP za 20\u2013301 TP3T jmenovit\u00fdch hodin, co\u017e \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zkracuje zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotnost na stav hol\u00e9ho oleje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Z\u00e1kladov\u00fd olej PAO si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010derpatelnost a mazac\u00ed film p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch a\u017e -40 \u00b0C, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b -15 \u00b0C u typick\u00fdch plastick\u00fdch maziv na miner\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00e1zi. Proto je provozn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rozsah \u0159ady EP uv\u00e1d\u011bn na -25 \u00b0C a\u017e +90 \u00b0C bez v\u00fdhrad nebo \u00faprav. P\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v chladic\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci -20 \u00b0C by miner\u00e1ln\u00ed ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159evodovka p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trp\u011bla nedostatkem oleje \u2013 plastick\u00e9 mazivo je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 visk\u00f3zn\u00ed na to, aby se b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch minut provozu rozprost\u0159elo do lo\u017eiskov\u00fdch krou\u017ek\u016f a z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f ozuben\u00fdch kol. Plastick\u00e9 mazivo PAO p\u0159i -20 \u00b0C z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b tekut\u00e9, aby se ihned po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo dostate\u010dn\u00fd film. Jedn\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm pro jednotky \u0159ady EP v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s teplotou pod bodem mrazu je pozvoln\u00fd start (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 rychlost n\u00e1b\u011bhu a rozb\u011bhu po dobu prvn\u00edch 2\u20133 minut), aby se umo\u017enilo postupn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u017eadavkem na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd to\u010div\u00fd moment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n <\/p>\n Uveden\u00e1 \u017eivotnost maz\u00e1n\u00ed 20 000 hodin nen\u00ed pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e1 absolutn\u00ed hodnota \u2013 je funkc\u00ed teploty sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b. Vztah se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed Arrheniov\u00fdm modelem, kter\u00fd u mazac\u00ed hmoty zhruba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 polovin\u011b \u017eivotnosti na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 \u00b0C n\u00e1r\u016fstu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed provozn\u00ed teploty. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed teplota \u0159ady EP je 70 \u00b0C p\u0159i jmenovit\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a jmenovit\u00fdch vstupn\u00edch ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed jmenovit\u00e1 teplota sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b je 90 \u00b0C (specifikov\u00e1na je okoln\u00ed teplota + 90 \u00b0C; pro korejsk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed s teplotou 30 \u00b0C to znamen\u00e1 teplotu sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b \u2264 120 \u00b0C, ale \u017eivotnost plastick\u00e9ho maziva p\u0159i 120 \u00b0C je pouze 625 hodin).<\/p>\n
\nPr\u016fvodce \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00edm<\/span><\/div>\nDo\u017eivotn\u00ed maz\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159esn\u00fdch planetov\u00fdch p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch \u2013 Konstrukce za do\u017eivotn\u00edm ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm a jak\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba je st\u00e1le nutn\u00e1<\/h1>\n
Co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201edo\u017eivotn\u00ed maz\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u2013 a co neznamen\u00e1<\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\nChemie plastick\u00fdch maziv \u2013 Pro\u010d PAO a polymo\u010dovina vydr\u017e\u00ed v ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch d\u00e9le ne\u017e miner\u00e1ln\u00ed olej<\/h2>\n
\nTlak<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nDo\u010dasn\u00e9<\/div>\n<\/div>\nTeplota je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prom\u011bnnou ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotnost ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e9ho plastick\u00e9ho maziva<\/h2>\n